Coupling Fuzzy Bi-Level Chance Constraint Programming and Spatial Analysis for Urban Ecological Management

In this study, a fuzzy bi-level chance constraint programming (FBCP) model is developed for urban ecological management in Xiamen, China. FBCP has advantages balancing trade-offs between multiple decision makers and can address stochastic uncertainty ecosystem management. It also reflect the impact of different violation risk levels emission reduction measures on system benefit, service value, land resource allocation. Then, conversion use its effects at small regional extent (CLUE-S) employed to provide spatial allocation future resources under scenarios. Results reveal that (i) carbon fixation climate regulation are major contributors with proportion [15.4, 15.6]% [18.5, 18.8]%, respectively; (ii) main environmental problem Xiamen water pollution caused by excessive discharge commercial residential land, COD NH3-N account [68.81, 69.33]% [67.65, 68.20]% total city, (iii) p level most factor, schemes high benefit would face greater default lower quality; (iv) considers trade-off economic quality, while (FCP) achieves expense environment. These findings help understand parameter pollutant policies adjust land-use patterns weigh environment protection development.